Assessing and Exploiting Control System and IoT Course (2020)

Assessing and Exploiting Control System and IoT Course (2020) | BlackHat
English | Size: 15.2 GB
Genre: eLearning

This is not your traditional SCADA/ICS/IIoT security course! How many courses send you home with a $500 kit including your own PLC and a set of hardware/RF hacking tools?!? This course teaches hands-on penetration testing techniques used to test individual components of a control system, including embedded electronic field devices, network protocols, RF communications, Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs), and various forms of master servers and their ICS applications. Skills you will learn in this course will apply directly to systems such as the Smart Grid, PLCs, RTUs, smart meters, building management, manufacturing, Home Area Networks (HAN), smart appliances, SCADA, substation automation, synchrophasors, and even IoT . This course is structured around the formal penetration testing methodology created by UtiliSec for the United States Department of Energy. Using this methodology and Control Things Pentest Platform (previously SamuraiSTFU), an open source Linux distribution for pentesting energy sector systems and other critical infrastructure, we will perform hands-on penetration testing tasks on user interfaces (on master servers and field device maintenance interfaces) , control system protocols (modbus, DNP3, IEC 60870-5-104), RF communications (433MHz, 869MHz, 915MHz), and embedded circuit attacks (memory dumping, bus snooping, JTAG, and firmware analysis). We will tie these techniques and exercises back to control system devices that can be tested using these techniques. The course exercises will be performed on a mixture of real world and simulated devices to give students the most realistic experience possible in a portable classroom setting. Advances in modern control systems such as the energy sector’s Smart Grid have brought great benefits for asset owners/operators and customers alike, however these benefits have often come at a cost from a security perspective. With increased functionality and addition of inter-system communication, modern control systems bring a greater risk of compromise that vendors, asset owners/operators, and society in general must accept to realize the desired benefits. To minimize this risk, penetration testing in conjunction with other security assessment types must be performed to minimize vulnerabilities before attackers can exploit critical infrastructures that exist in all countries around the world. Ultimately, this is the goal of this course, to help you know how, when, and where this can be done safely in your control systems.

Syllabus
Day 1 Outline – Assessing and Exploiting Controllers
Understanding basic control system concepts, systems, and devices

Control system architectures
PLCs, RTUs, and IEDs
Understanding RTOS
Industrial and non-industrial
What is IIoT and how it differs from IoT
Field devices, buses, and loops
DCS vs SCADA
Understanding controller logic

Velocio PLCs vs other PLCs
Hands-on exercise creating controller logic
Hands-on exercise programming a PLC
Hands-on exercise creating an HMI
Architecture Reviews of major ICS and smart grid systems

Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
Distribution Grid Management (DGM) and Substation Automation (SA)
Wide Area Management, Protection, and Control (WAMPAC)
Demand Response (DR)
Distributed Energy Resources (DER)
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
Electric Vehicles (EV)
Introduction to Control Things Platform

Setting up the virtual machine
Walk through the tools and functionality
Introduction to the student hardware kits
Introduction to the NESCOR methodology for penetration testing

Preparing for a penetration test
Architecture reviews
Testing the master servers
Testing the user interfaces
Testing the network communications
Testing the embedded field devices
End-to-end assessment
Reporting
Types of ICS user interfaces

Traditional applications
Web applications
Terminal interfaces
Pentesting maintenance interfaces on ICS field and floor devices

Functional analysis of field technician interfaces
Hands-on exercise capturing USB communications to tech interfaces
Hands-on exercise analyzing captured USB communications
Impersonating endpoints in field tech interface communications
Hands-on exercises impersonating vendor endpoints with Python
Exploiting vulnerabilities found during analysis
Day 2 Outline – Assessing and Exploiting ICS Communication Protocols
Performing traditional network pentests on control systems

Overview of a traditional network penetration test methodology
Dangers of port and vulnerability scanning
Strategies to perform port and vulnerability scanning
Pentesting Different Communication Layers

Testing of communication mediums vs communication protocols
Where security defenses should be placed …… and tested
Serial communications

RS-232, TIA-422, and TIA-485
Fieldbus Protocols and Protocol Families
Hands-on sniffing and injection of serial Modbus RTU
Pentesting TCP/IP based ICS protocols

Protocol capture and analysis
ModbusTCP, ProfiNet, InternetIP/CIP, DNP3, IEC 104, IEC 61850, ICCP
Dealing with unknown protocols
Hands-on entropy analysis of network payloads
Reverse engineering unknown protocols
Hands-on ICS protocol fuzzing
Day 3 Outline – Assessing and Exploiting ICS RF Communications
Pentesting RF communications between master servers and field devices

Examples of where RF is used in ICS and IIoT
Overview of the RF pentesting methodology
Capturing RF Signals

Hardware used for different RF protocols
SDR vs rfcat
Comparison of different SDR hardware
Finding the right frequencies
Using the right antenna
Hands-on RF spectrum analysis
Hands-on RF signal capture
Analyzing the captured signal

Spread Spectrum types and strategies
Strategies for recovering frequency hopping
Modulation and Demodulation
Methods for identifying modulation type
Hands-on traffic demodulation with Universal Radio Hacker (URH)
Hands-on signal demodulation with GNU Radio
Data Extraction

Understanding how data streams are assembled
Hands-on analysis of data streams with URH
Hands-on packetization with URH
RF Transmission

Traffic transmission and exploitation
Hardware needed for transmission
Replaying attacks
Signal transmission with URH
Hands-on signal generation with rfcat and Great Scott Gadgets’ Yardstick
Day 4 Outline – Assessing and Exploiting ICS Embedded Electronics

Overview of pentesting embedded device circuits
Local attack through physically exposed devices
Expanding physical attacks to remote attacks
Cryptographic keys and firmware
Analysis of embedded electronics in ICS field and floor devices

Discussion of device disassembly
Component analysis on embedded circuits
Datasheet acquisition and analysis for target components
Dumping data at rest on embedded circuits

Using the Bus Pirate and other similar tools
Overview of I2C or two-wire serial protocol
Hands-on exercise dumping I2C EEPROMs
Overview of SPI serial protocol

Hands-on exercise dumping SPI EEPROMs
Overview of JTAG
Hands-on exercise interfacing with debug interfaces
Bus Snooping on embedded circuits
Overview of bus snooping

Hands-on exercise snooping buses
Analyzing data obtained from data dumping and bus snooping
Hands-on exercise doing string analysis of datasets
Hands-on exercise doing entropy analysis of datasets
Hands-on exercise doing systematic key searches through datasets
Hands-on exercise doing file carving from datasets
Analyzing field and floor device firmware

Obtaining field and floor device firmware
Hands-on exercise disassembling firmware
Hands-on exercise analyzing disassembled firmware
Exploiting firmware flaws

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